Court Staff Day in Tajikistan Date in the current year: October 26, 2024

The system of government in Tajikistan is based on the separation of powers into three independent branches that control and balance each other out: legislative, executive and judicial. The main task of the judiciary, set forth in the Constitution of Tajikistan, is the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, state interests, the interests of institutions and organizations, justice, and law and order.

The judicial system in the Republic of Tajikistan is regulated by the state Constitution, constitutional laws (the Law on Courts and the Law on the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Tajikistan), the Law on Combating Corruption, procedural codes, and other applicable legislation. Tajikistani judges and other court employees are also guided by the Instruction on Records Management in Court and the Judge’s Ethical Code.

The system of courts in Tajikistan consists of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the Supreme Economic Court, the Military Court, the court of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, the courts of regions and the city of Dushanbe, city and district courts, the Economic Court of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, and regional economic courts of original jurisdiction.

The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Tajikistan determines the compliance of laws and legal acts with the Constitution, resolves disputes between government agencies regarding their jurisdiction, and exercises other powers in accordance with the Constitution and state laws. The Constitutional Court is the pinnacle of the judiciary in Tajikistan; its decisions are final and cannot be appealed.

Judges in Tajikistan are elected and appointed for a ten-year term. The requirements for candidates vary depending on the court. For example, candidates for the Constitutional Court must be no younger than 30 and no older than 65 years old, as well as have no less than ten years of experience as a judge. The Supreme Court and the Supreme Economic Court have the same age requirements, but the experience as a judge must be at least five years.

All judges in Tajikistan have the same status, but their responsibilities and powers vary depending on the court. They are independent and are subject only to the Constitution and the law. Tajikistani judges have the right to immunity and are under state protection. By law, judges have no right to hold other positions or engage in other professional activities, except for educational, scientific and creative activities.

Initially, Tajikistani judges and other court employees celebrated their professional holiday on the same day as the employees of the justice authorities. Today, however, there are two separate professional holidays: Justice Authorities Employees Day is celebrated on the second Sunday of October, while Court Staff Day is observed on October 26.